PYTHON CHEAT SHEET Python is a most popular general-purpose, high-level programming language which was created in 1991 by Guido van Rossum and developed by Python Software Foundation to concentrate on the readability of code with its extensive use of white space. The fourth step in the technical interview process is to whiteboard your solution after you have previously outlined it. Make this step as collaborative as possible by explaining to the interviewer the code you are about to write before writing it on the board. List some ways to get some Python code to run in a parallel way. Python doesn't allow multi-threading in the truest sense of the word. It has a multi-threading package but if you want to multi-thread to speed your code up, then it's usually not a good idea to use it. Python has a construct called the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL).

Advance Python Cheat sheet from beginners to advance 2020. With the help This cheat sheet You will be able to Understand Python basic with reference.You can download Free these Python cheats
Python Cheat Sheet for Lists
Python Cheat Sheet for dictionaries
Python Cheat Sheet for if statements and while loops
Python Cheat Sheet for functions
Python Cheat Sheet for classes
Python Cheat Sheet for Files & Exceptions
Python Cheat Sheet for Testing Code
Python Cheat Sheet for Pygame
Python Cheat Sheet for Matplotlib
Python Cheat Sheet for Pygal
Python Cheat Sheet for Django

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Basic Concepts

Integers	1,2,3,4,5,6,76,
Floating-point numbers	2.4 , 2.3, 4.5, 4.5 ,
String	‘abc’ , ‘ads’ , ‘aaa’

Basic Math Operator used in Python

+	Addition
–	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
//	Integer division
**	Exponent

Examples of Operators

Addition

2+3=5

Subtraction

3-2=1

Multiplication

2*2=4

Division

4/2=2

Integer Division

22//8 =2

Exponent

2**3=8

Comparison Operations

>=	Greater than or Equal to
<=	Less than or Equal to
>	Greater Than
<	Less than
!=	Not equal to
Equal to

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• Python is a multi-paradigm general-purpose, object-oriented programming language
• It is a cross-platform programming language so code python file written in one system can be run same on different systems.
• Easy to learn.
• Simple Syntax and akin to pseudocode.
• Automatic Garbage Collection.
• It is an open-source programming language.

Applications of Python

Python is a very versatile language and it is used in many IT fields such as:

• Web Development (back-end)
• Desktop Applications
• Data Science.
• Machine Learning
• Artificial Intelligence.

Major Characteristic of Python

• Very Simple Programming language.
• Python has the most libraries.
• Support Object-Oriented programming
• Ideal Programming language for a beginner.
• Robust and Secure
• Highly Scalable
• Use Interpreter
• Dynamic Programming language.
• Multi-threading.

Python IDE’s

There are many IDE’s on the internet for Python the two most recommended ones are:

• PyCharm (By Jetbrains)
• Atom (Powered by GitHub)

Standard Data Types in Python:

Python has two types of Data types:

• Base Type.
• Container Type.

Base Type

Data type Name	Data Type Syntax	Size
Integer Number	int	14
Floating Point Numbers	float	16
Boolean	bool	14
string	str	26
bytes	b’’	21

Container Type Data Types

Data type Name	Data Type Syntax	Example
List (Ordered)	list()	[1,2,3] or list(range(1,4))
Tuple (Ordered)	tuple()	(1,2,3)
Dictionary (Unordered)	dict()	{0:1, 1:2, 2:3}
Set (unordered)	set()	{1,2,3}

Python Operators

Python has some standard operators which include arithmetic operators too.

Operator Name	Operator	Example
Addition or concatenation	+	1+2 Or “hello” + ”world”
Subtraction	–	40 – 10 à 30
Multiplication	*	40 * 10 à 100 [0]*2 à[0,0]
division	/	10/5 à 2.0
Floor division	//	10 // 5 à2
Modules	%	10 % 5 à 0
Exponential	**	2**3 à 8

Python Comparison Operator

There are some operators in python which are used to compare two objects or values and return a Boolean value True and False:

Operator Name	Operator	Example
Smaller than	<	2 < 3 èTrue
Greater than	>	3 > 2 èTrue
Smaller than and equal to	<=	2 <= 2 èTrue
Greater than and equal to	>=	3 >= 3 èTrue
Not equal to	!=	2 != 3èTrue
Equal to comparison	2 2 èTrue

Logical Operators

Python has three logical Operators:

• and
• or
• not

Python Identifiers

Identifies are the name given to an object, identifiers can be also known as a variable name. There are some rules associated with an identifier or variable name. Using identifies we can give a name to variables, functions, modules, classes.

Identifiers rule:

• The first letter of an identifier could be a lowercase or upper case Alphabet or _ (underscore symbol), and it could be followed by any alphabet, digit (0,9) and _.
• There should be no special symbol in identifier except _.
• Do not use reserved keywords as an identifier.

Variable Assignment

We use equal to “=” symbol to assign an object to an identifier.

The identifier name should be on the left side and value on the right side of the assignment operator.

Example:

x =20

Python Assignment	Assignment operator	Example
Simple and Single Assignment	=	x = 20
Assignment to same value	=	x = y = z =100
Multiple Assignment	=	x, y, z = 10, 20, 30
Swap values with Assignment operator	=	x, y = y, x
Unpacking sequence using assigmnet operator	=	x, *y = [20,10,30,70]
Assignment operator for increment	+=	x+=20
Assignment operator for Decrement	-=	x -=20

Python I/O

I/O methods	Description
print()	To print out the output
input()	To take input from the user

Example:

By default input() accept value as string.

Type Conversion

Using there are many reserved keywords in python which are used to convert the data type of a variable.

Type Conversion	Python Syntax	Example
Float to integer Numeric string to integer Boolean to integer	int()	int(20.11) int(“200”) int(True)
Integer to float Numeric string to float Boolean to float	float()	float(100) float(“100”) float(True)
Integer to string float to string Boolean to string	str()	str(100) str(100.00) str(True)
ASSIC Code to character	chr()	chr(64) à @
Character to ASSIC code	ord()	ord(‘@’) à 64
Convert a container data type and a string to a list	list()	list(“Hello”)
Convert a container datatype to a dict	dict()	dict([(1,2), (2,3)])
Convert a container data type to a set	set()	set([1,2,3,4,5,5])

Indexing Calling in Python

In python String, List and tuple objects support indexing calling.

Example:

Boolean Logic in Python

In python, we often encounter with Boolean values when we deal with comparison operator conditional statements.

Types of Boolean

In python there are two types of Booleans:

• True
• False

Boolean Operator	Description	Example
False	In python False, 0, empty container data type and None Treat as False value.	bool(0) à False bool([]) à False bool({}) à False bool(None) à False
True	Anything except 0, None and empty data type in python considered as True Boolean	bool(100) à True

Modules Name and Import

Use	Syntax
Import the complete module	import module
Import complete modules with its all objects	from module import *
Import specific objects or class from a modules	from module import name_1, name_2
Import specific module and give a temporary name	from module import name_1 as nam

Python Math Module

Math is the most important and widely used standard module of python, it provides many methods related to mathematics.

Math Module	Example
from math import *
cos()	cos(90) -0.4480736161291701
sin()	sin(200) -0.8732972972139946
pi	3.141592653589793
pow()	pow(2,3) à 8.0
ceil()	ceil(12.1) à13
floor()	floor(12.9) à12
round()	round(12.131,2) à12.13
abs()	abs(-29) à 29

Conditional Statement

Python Conditional statement consists of 3 keywords if, elif and else.

Example:

Loops

There are two loops statements present in python:

• for loop
• while loop

Example:

Break

It is a statement used inside the loop statement, and it is used to terminate the loop flow and exist from the loop immediately.

Example:

Continue

Continue is the opposite of break, it is also used in loop statements and directly jump to the next iteration.

Example:

Function

To create a user-defined function in python we use the def keyword and to exit from a function we return a value using the return keyword.

Example:

Python List

A list is a collection of different data types, and it stores all elements in a contagious memory location.

Create a list

To create a list we use square brackets [ ].

Example:

Indexing

List support indexing, with the help of indexing we can access the specific element of the list.

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Example:

List Slicing

With list slicing, we can access a sequence of elements present in the list.

Example:

List Unpacking

Loop through a List:

Adding Elements in the list:

Removing Elements from a list

If condition with a list

List Comprehension

lst_2 = [i for i in lst ]

Condition inside list comprehension

Zip function to combine two lists

Map and Filter on a list

List Operations

Operations	Descriptions
lst.append(val)	Add items at the end
lst.extend(seq)	Add sequence at the end
lst.insert(indx,val)	Add value at a specific index
lst.remove(val)	To delete the specific value from a list
lst.pop()	To remove the last value from the list
Lst.sort()	To sort the list

Python Tuples

Tuples in python similar to a list, the only difference is tuples are immutable.

Create a tuple:

Convert a list into a tuple

Indexing In tuple

Python Arrays

Python does not have inbuilt support for arrays but it has standard libraries to for array data structure. Array is a very useful tool to perform mathematical concepts.

Create an Array:

Python Sets

Python set is similar to the mathematic sets, a python set does not hold duplicates items and we can perform the basic set operation on set data types.

Create a Set:

Basic Set operation

Operations Name	Operator	Example:
Union	|	s1 | s2
Intersection	&	s1 & s2
Difference	–	s1 – s2
Asymmetric Difference	^	s1 ^ s2

Dictionary

Dictionary is a collection of key: value pair and the key could only be an immutable data type.

Create a dictionary:

Convert a list into a dictionary:

Accessing Dictionary Elements

We use the key to access the corresponding value.

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Looping Through a dictionary:

Generator Comprehension

Like a list comprehension, we have generator comprehension in generator comprehension we use parenthesis () instead of sq. brackets [].

Example:

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Exception Handling:

In exception handling we deal with runtime error there are many keywords associated with exception handling:

keyword	Description
try	Normal processing block
except	Error processing block
finally	Final block executes for both tries or except.
raise	To throw an error with a user-defined message.

Example:

Python Class

Class provides the Object-Oriented programming concepts to python.

Create a class

Create a constructor for a class:

The constructor is the special method of class which executes automatically during the object creation of the class.

Magic Methods of class

Magic methods	Description
__str__()	String representation of the object
__init__()	Initialization or Constructor of the class
__add__()	To override addition operator
__eq__()	To override equal to method
__lt__()	To override less than operator

Class Private members:

Conventionally to declare an attribute private we, write it name starting with __ double underscore.

Example:

Inheritance:

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An inheritance we can use the methods and property of another class:

Example:

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Multiple Inheritance:

Basic Generic Operations on Containers

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Operators	Description
len(lst)	Items count
min(lst)	To find the minimum item
max(lst)	To find the maximum item
sorted(lst)	List sorted copy
enumerate (c)	Iterator on (index, item)
zip(lst_1,lst_2)	Combine two list
all(c)	If all items are True it returns True else false
any(c)	True at least one item of c is true else false

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